NOS (nitrous oxide): Advice for using more safely
Read on for information about nitrous oxide, its effects, and how to stay safer if you or someone you know is using it.
Understand nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, NOS or balloons, is a gas that people sometimes use for fun. People inhale it for its brief and intense effects. It can make you feel happy and relaxed, but it can also make you feel dizzy and sick.
The effects of nitrous oxide start a few seconds after you’ve taken it, and they go away very quickly, too.
Nitrous oxide is a Class C drug and it is illegal to have it in your possession.
There are some exceptions for people who use nitrous oxide in their work, such as medical or culinary staff. You might be expected to show evidence that you have nitrous oxide for a legitimate reason.
You can be arrested and charged for having nitrous oxide in your possession. You might get an unlimited fine, a visible community punishment, or a caution which will appear on your criminal record. If you get caught multiple times, you could receive a prison sentence of up to two years.
There are also laws against drug driving like there are for drink driving.
Nitrous oxide side effects and risks
NOS can be very dangerous if inhaled straight from the canister. The gas inside the canister is very cold and can seriously damage your throat and lungs, so you should always use a balloon to inhale.
Inhaling nitrous oxide by putting a bag over your head is also very dangerous, and people have died from suffocation.
It can affect your body in different ways. Inhaling NOS can cause oxygen levels in your body to drop, which can be dangerous. It can also cause sore, red eyes and irritate parts of your body that help you breathe well.
It can cause vitamin deficiencies. Doing lots of it can result in a reduction in vitamin B12 in the body. This can cause anaemia (low iron levels), nerve damage and other long-lasting problems.
Keep yourself safer
There are ways to reduce the risks of using nitrous oxide:
Always use a balloon to inhale. Inhaling from a tube, mask, or straight from the dispenser can be dangerous. Instead, use a device to release the gas first and use a balloon to inhale. This helps to stop the gas damaging your throat and lungs. Never inhale from a bag over the head.
Don’t keep re-breathing a balloon for a long time. After you’ve inhaled from a balloon a few times there won’t be any nitrous left and you’re simply starving your brain of oxygen.
Use in a safe environment. NOS can result in a lack of coordination, so don’t inhale while you’re standing up, or where you could fall and injure yourself (such as near a steep drop or a body of water).
Don’t use it in small, confined spaces. It’s better outdoors, but away from any obvious risks such as roads.
If you're using nitrous oxide, do it with trusted friends who can support you or call for help if you experience any nasty effects.
Avoid using NOS if you have low blood pressure or mental health problems as it can make these worse.
Start low and go slow to see how it affects you. If you experience negative effects or ‘pins and needles’, stop using immediately.
Avoid mixing with other substances, including alcohol. Combining substances can be dangerous and cause bad reactions. Alcohol and nitrous oxide are both depressants; combining them increases the risk of side effects and accidents.
Don't be afraid to call for help. If someone might be having problems because of nitrous oxide, call for help.
If someone is unconscious or having difficulty breathing, always call 999. Don't worry; the ambulance won't bring the police unless it's a very specific situation.
Place the person in the recovery position. Here’s a quick guide to the recovery position. If you don’t remember how to do that, get them on their side, as this will still help.
Get support with nitrous oxide use
If you want to take steps to address your drug use, don’t be afraid to reach out for help. You’re not alone and there's nothing to be ashamed of. There is lots of help and support available. Speak to your doctor about how you’re feeling and speak to supportive family and friends if you can.
Advice and support is always available from your local Change Grow Live service. If you’re struggling with drugs or alcohol, we’re here to help.